AUTOMOBILE POLLUTION CONTROL USING CATALYSIS

The emissions of pollutants from vehicles are generally low but the number of vehicles increasing on the road, therefore, the environmental pollution are also increasing. About 35% of CO, 30% of HC and 25% percent of NOx are produced into the atmosphereares from the transportation sector. These pollutants have adverse effects on the environment and human health. The emissions from vehicles generally depend upon the air-fuel ratio.
The control techniques for exhaust gas emissions are engine modifications, fuel retreatment, fuel additives, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) and anthem, application of catalytic converters. A catalytic converter is a device that converts more toxic exhaust gas pollutants into less toxic pollutants. There are different types of catalysts used in the automobile exhaust gas treatment like noble metal and base metals catalysts etc. The catalytic converter was effective and consistent for reducing the noxious tailpipe emissions so that it was developed for use in the trucks, buses, cars, motorcyclees and other construction equipped. This paper will discust the different types of recent developments in catalysis for automobile exhaust pollution control.